The Aravalli Hills, although modest today, rest on some of India’s oldest and best-studied rocks. These rocks reveal how the earth’s crust in northwest India was built, folded, heated, and cracked over nearly a billion years. Geologists divide the area into the older Aravalli Supergroup and the younger Delhi Supergroup forming the Aravalli-Delhi orogenic belt. Initially, ancient crust stretched and formed basins filled by rivers and seas with sediments and volcanic material. Later, tectonic forces pushed crust blocks together, folding and breaking the layers. Heat changed sandstones to quartzite and mudstones to schist. Magma also intruded the crust, as proven by zircon dating showing intrusions like the Chang pluton around 968 million years ago. Over time, erosion carved the present low hills, leaving tough quartzite ridges standing out. The geology affects local soils and groundwater. Quartzite, a hard metamorphic rock, creates thin soils that hold little water and fewer nutrients. This limits plant growth and slows recovery if soil is damaged. Groundwater mainly stays in rock fractures, causing an uneven supply. The region’s climate features hot summers and about 710 mm of annual rainfall mostly during monsoons. Long dry spells make the fragile soils vulnerable. Studies in places like Asola Bhatti show quarrying and mining worsen soil erosion and reduce soil quality. Yet soil can recover if disturbances end and conditions improve. These findings highlight the Aravalli Hills’ rich geological past and its ongoing impact on environment and land use.