The year 2025 saw the Supreme Court review and change several decisions on important issues. These ranged from stray dog management to environmental clearances and pollution rules. The court also responded to a Presidential Reference that challenged its earlier verdict in the Tamil Nadu Governor case. During this time, India had three Chief Justices of the Supreme Court. Case backlog rose sharply, hitting a record 92,118 cases by December 31, 2025. Chief Justice Surya Kant said such reviews are necessary and recalled reviewing judgments up to 30 years old. He promised the court would even work "in the middle of the night" if needed to deliver justice. A special Vacation Bench met three times during winter vacations. It stayed its own earlier judgment in the Aravalli case after public protest, saying the previous decision "omitted to expressly clarify certain critical issues." The court admitted widespread criticism and took the November 2025 ruling "in abeyance." In May, the court called ex-post facto environmental clearances by the Centre "gross illegality." But in November, a majority reversed that ruling, citing harm from demolishing projects already approved retrospectively. A five-judge Bench held marathon hearings on a Presidential Reference about time limits for Governors and the President to act on State Bills. Tamil Nadu and Kerala opposed the Reference, calling it a disguised review of an April judgment. The court said the Reference aimed to clear "confusion" but ended up creating more mixed signals. In December, the court changed its August order on pollution rules. It barred coercive action against old BS-IV petrol and diesel vehicle owners despite high pollution levels in Delhi. The court also shifted its stance on stray dogs several times. An August order banned releasing captured stray dogs, but after protests, a later ruling required sterilize, deworm and release back. By November, the court banned releasing stray dogs near schools, hospitals, and bus stands, and ordered shelter removal. Thus, 2025 was a year of many judicial U-turns amid an overloaded court and important social and environmental debates.