India, home to 146 crore people, faces a growing health crisis marked by funding gaps and multiple disease threats. In 2025, the health budget grew 11% to ₹99,859 crore but remains below the needed 2.5% of GDP target for health. Funding shortfalls worsened after the US withdrew from the WHO and its aid projects like PEPFAR and USAID, cutting millions from key programs in HIV/AIDS and maternal health. Health challenges include a return of infectious diseases, poor air quality dramatically affecting vulnerable groups, and complex issues like antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The WHO’s GLASS report showed India has a major AMR problem, with one in three bacterial infections caused by resistant germs, especially in hospital ICUs. Kerala alone has made progress in reducing AMR. India’s ambitious plan to eliminate tuberculosis by 2025 remains unmet despite advanced testing tools like TrueNat. Multidrug-resistant TB cases rise unevenly across the country. Meanwhile, public health is endangered by poor pharmaceutical quality control. In late 2025, 25 children in Madhya Pradesh died from contaminated cough syrup containing a toxic chemical. Similar issues caused deaths abroad with Indian-made syrups before, spotlighting regulation flaws. Air pollution, particularly in northern cities during winter, severely impacts health, worsening respiratory problems. Experts warn India must tackle pollution like China’s Beijing to avoid deeper damage. Overall, India must boost health funding, improve drug quality, control disease outbreaks, and combat pollution urgently to protect its massive population. The journey toward “health for all” demands greater focus and resource investment in the coming years.